Epistemology
Epistemology is the study of the nature of knowledge. It is a branch of philosophy. Is there "truth" that corresponds to reality? Can humans know the "truth"? How dow we determine what's correct or incorrect knowledge? There's a different kind of truth in the statements "2 + 2 = 4" versus "computer get faster each year", even though both are regarded as true. All these matters are epistemological.
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References
J^T Thoughts
My epistemology is Aristotelian, which says humans, while fallible, are capable of understanding the truth.
Deductive and inductive reasoning are both valid, but many statements' validity may be limited to certain regimes or assumptions. This limit does not make them invalid, though.